ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mea hoʻohua no ka polyurethane rigid foam i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kahua kūkulu
Me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā koi o nā hale hou no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana insulation thermal o nā mea hale. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka polyurethane rigid foam kahi mea hoʻonaninani wela maikaʻi loa, me nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā pono ʻē aʻe, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ke kahua o ka insulation hale.
ʻO ka mea hoʻohūhū kekahi o nā mea hoʻohui nui i ka hana ʻana o ka polyurethane hard foam. Wahi a kāna hana hana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: chemical foaming agent a me physical foaming agent.
Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea hoʻohāhā
He mea hoʻohui kemika e hoʻohua ai i nā kinoea a me nā mea polyurethane i ka wā o ka hopena o isocyanates a me polyols. ʻO ka wai ka ʻelele o ka mea hoʻohua kemika, e hoʻopili me ka ʻāpana isocyanate e hana i ke kinoea carbon dioxide, i mea e hoʻohuhū ai i ka mea polyurethane. He mea hoʻohui i hoʻohui ʻia i ke kaʻina hana o ka polyurethane hard foam, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i nā mea polyurethane ma o ka hana kino kinoea. ʻO nā mea hoʻohāhā kino ka nui o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa, e like me nā pūhui hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) a i ʻole alkane (HC).
ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻomohala omea hoʻohāhāUa hoʻomaka i ka hopena o nā makahiki 1950, ua hoʻohana ʻo DuPont i ka trichloro-fluoromethane (CFC-11) ma ke ʻano he polyurethane hard foam foaming agent, a loaʻa iā ia ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, mai ia manawa ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo CFC-11 i ke kula o ka polyurethane paʻakikī. ʻOiai ua hōʻoia ʻo CFC-11 i ka hōʻino ʻana i ka papa ozone, ua hoʻōki nā ʻāina ʻEulopa i ka hoʻohana ʻana iā CFC-11 i ka hopena o 1994, a ua pāpā pū ʻo Kina i ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o CFC-11 i ka makahiki 2007. Ma hope mai, ua pāpā ʻo ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa i ka hoʻohana ʻana. o CFC-11 pani HCFC-141b ma 2003 a me 2004. I ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike kaiapuni, hoʻomaka nā ʻāina e hoʻomohala a hoʻohana i nā mea ʻē aʻe me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻomehana honua (GWP).
ʻO nā mea hana huʻa ʻano Hfc i hoʻololi ʻia no ka CFC-11 a me HCFC-141b, akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka waiwai GWP o nā pūhui ʻano HFC, ʻaʻole kūpono i ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni. No laila, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua neʻe ka manaʻo o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mea hoʻomohala i ka ʻoihana kūkulu hale i nā koho haʻahaʻa-GWP.
ʻO nā mea maikaʻi a me nā pōʻino o nā mea hana pua
E like me ke ʻano o ka insulation mea, polyurethane rigid foam he nui nā pono, e like me ka maikaʻi o ka hana insulation thermal, ka ikaika mechanical maikaʻi, ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kani maikaʻi, ke ola lawelawe kūpaʻa lōʻihi a pēlā aku.
Ma ke ʻano he mea kōkua koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka polyurethane hard foam, loaʻa ka mea hoʻouluulu i ka hopena koʻikoʻi i ka hana, ke kumukūʻai a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni o nā mea insulation thermal. ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kemika he wikiwiki wikiwiki, ʻaʻahu ʻaʻahu, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kahi ākea o ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa, hiki ke loaʻa i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka polyurethane rigid foam kiʻekiʻe.
Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kemika ke hana i nā kinoea ʻino, e like me carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide a me nitrogen oxides, e hoʻohaumia ai i ke kaiapuni. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka mea hoʻoulu kino kino ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopuka i nā kinoea ʻino, ʻaʻohe hopena liʻiliʻi i ke kaiapuni, a hiki ke loaʻa i ka nui o ka bubble liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana insulation. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka lohi o ka huʻa ʻana o nā mea ʻona kino a koi aku i ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe e hana i ka maikaʻi loa.
E like me ke ʻano o ka insulation mea, polyurethane rigid foam he nui nā pono, e like me ka maikaʻi o ka hana insulation thermal, ka ikaika mechanical maikaʻi, ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kani maikaʻi, ke ola lawelawe kūpaʻa lōʻihi a pēlā aku.
Ma ke ano he kokua nui i ka hoomakaukau anapolyurethane paʻa paʻa, He mea ko'iko'i ka hopena o ka mea ho'ohuhū i ka hana, ke kumu kū'ai a me ka pale kaiapuni o nā mea wela wela. ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kemika he wikiwiki wikiwiki, ʻaʻahu ʻaʻahu, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kahi ākea o ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa, hiki ke loaʻa i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka polyurethane rigid foam kiʻekiʻe.
Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kemika ke hana i nā kinoea ʻino, e like me carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide a me nitrogen oxides, e hoʻohaumia ai i ke kaiapuni. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka mea hoʻoulu kino kino ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopuka i nā kinoea ʻino, ʻaʻohe hopena liʻiliʻi i ke kaiapuni, a hiki ke loaʻa i ka nui o ka bubble liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana insulation. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka lohi o ka huʻa ʻana o nā mea ʻona kino a koi aku i ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe e hana i ka maikaʻi loa.
Ke au hoʻomohala e hiki mai ana
ʻO ke ʻano o nā mea hoʻohāhā i ka ʻoihana hale e hiki mai ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea pani haʻahaʻa GWP. No ka laʻana, CO2, HFO, a me nā wai ʻē aʻe, he haʻahaʻa GWP, zero ODP, a me nā hana kaiapuni ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana o ka polyurethane rigid foam. Eia kekahi, i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana insulation hale, e hoʻomohala hou ka mea hoʻohua i ka hana maikaʻi loa, e like me ka hana insulation ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka puaʻa, a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pua.
I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ke ʻimi ikaika nei nā ʻoihana kemika organofluorine kūloko a me nā ʻāina ʻē a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hoʻohāhā kino i loko o ka fluorine hou, me ka fluorinated olefins (HFO) foaming agents, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hā o ka hanauna foaming agents a he mea hoʻohāhā kino me ke kinoea maikaʻi. ʻO ka hoʻoili wela wela a me nā pono kaiapuni.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-21-2024